These figures are not consistent（ ） the results obtained in previous experiment.
A.to B.with C.for D.in
I do not remember（ ）to Professor Johnson during my visit to Yale.
A.having introduced B.having been introduced C.introducing D.to have been introduced
I can respect someone who is（ ）for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.
A.millennium B.dominant C.accountable D.commercial
Beth never regretted （ ） to attend the party, for she did not like it at all.
A.not being invited B.being not invited C.having not been invited D.not having been invited
On the outskirts of the city, there is a business based on an understanding of probabilities. It is a jail alai fronton, a cavernous court where athletes play a fast game for the entertainment of gamblers and the benefit of, among others, the state treasury.Not coincidentally, Connecticut is one of just seven states still fiercely determined not to have an income tax. Gambling taxes yielded $ 76.4 million last year, which is not a large slice of Connecticufs $2.1 billion budget, but it would be missed, and is growing.Last year Americans legally wagered $ 15 billion, up 8 percent cover 1976. Lotteries took in 24 percent more. Stiffening resistance to taxes is encouraging states to seek revenues from gambling, and thus to encourage gambling. There are three rationalizations for this:State-run gambling controls illegal gambling.Gambling is a painless way to raise revenues.Gambling is a “victimless” recreation, and thus is a matter of moral indifference.Actually, there is evidence that legal gambling increases the respectability of gambling, and increases public interest in gambling. This creates new gamblers, some of whom move on to illegal gambling, which generally offers better odds. And as a revenue-raising device, gambling is severely regressive.Gamblers are drawn disproportionately from minority and poor populations that can ill-afford to gamble, that are especially susceptible to the lure of gambling, and that especially need a government that will not collaborate with gambling entrepreneurs, as in jai alai, and that will not become a gambling entrepreneur through a state lottery.A depressing number of gamblers have no margin for economic losses and little understanding of the probability of losses. Between 1975 and 1977 there was a 140 percent increase in spending to advertise lotteries — lotteries in which more than 99.9 percent of all players are losers. Such advertising is apt to be especially effective, and cruel, among people whose tribulations make them susceptible to dreams of sudden relief.Grocery money is risked for such relief. Some grocers in Hartford’s poorer neighborhoods report that receipts decline during jai alai season. Aside from the injury gamblers do to their dependents, there is a more subtle but more comprehensive injury done by gambling. It is the injury done to society’s sense of elemental equities. Gambling blurs the distinction between well-earned and “ill-gotten” gains.Gambling is debased speculation, a lust for sudden wealth that is not connected with the process of making society more productive of goods and services. Government support of gambling gives a legitimating imprimatur to the pursuit of wealth without work.“n is,” said Jefferson, “the manners and spirit of a people which preserves a republic in vigor.” Jefferson believed in the virtue-instilling effects of agricultural labor. Andrew Jackson denounced the Bank of the United States as a “monster” because increased credit creation meant increased speculation. Martin Van Buren warned against “a craving desire... for sudden wealth.” The early nineteenth century belief was that citizens could be distinguished by the moral worth of the way they acquired wealth; and physical labor was considered the most ennobling labor.It is perhaps a bit late to worry about all this: the United States is a developed capitalist society of a sort Jefferson would have feared if he had been able to imagine it. But those who cherish capitalism should note that the moral weakness of capitalism derives, in part, from the belief that too much wealth is allocated in “speculative” ways, capriciously, to people who earn their bread neither by the sweat of their brows nor by wrinkling their brows for socially useful purpose.Of course, any economy produces windfalls. As a town grows, some land values soar. And some investors (like many non-investors) regard stock trading as a form of roulette.But state-sanctioned gambling institutionalizes windfalls, whets the public appetite for them, and encourages the delusion that they are more frequent than they really ar
Farmland in parts of Japan is no longer safe because of high levels of radiation in the soil, scientists have warned, as the country struggles to recover from the Fukushima atomic disaster. A team of international researchers said food production would likely be "severely impaired" by the elevated levels of caesium （放射性铯）found in soil samples across eastern Fukushima in the wake of meltdowns at the tsunami-hit plant. The study suggests farming in neighboring areas may also suffer because of radiation, although levels discovered there were within legal limits. "Fukushima area as a whole is highly polluted,*' especially to the northwest of the nuclear power plant, the researchers said. The study looked at caesium-137, which has a half-life of 30 years and therefore affects the environment for decades.The legal limit for concentrations in soil where rice is grown of the sum of caesium-134 and caesium-137, which are always produced together, is 5,000 becquerels per kilogram in Japan. ‘The east Fukushima area exceeded this limit and some neighboring areas such as Miyagi, Tochigi and Ibaraki are partially close to the limit under our upper-bound estimate," the study said. "Estimated and observed pollution in the western parts of Japan were not as serious, even though some areas were likely affected to some extent," it added."Concentration in these areas are below 25 becquerels per kilogram, which is far below the threshold for farming. However, we strongly recommend each area to quickly carry out some supplementary soil samplings at city levels to validate our estimates."The study said ‘food production in eastern Fukushima area is likely severely impaired by the caesium-137 loads of more than 2,500 becquerels per kilogram’.The study was led by Teppei Yasu
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and， hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?2.The author uses “labor market problems” in Line 1 to refer to which of the following?3.Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?4.The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by（ ）.5.According to the passage，one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over-predict the amount of economic hardship is the （ ）.
A.What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering. B.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty. C.Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures. D.How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and
问题2：
A.The overall causes of poverty. B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force. C.Trade relationships among producers of goods. D.Shortages of jobs providing adequate income.
问题3：
A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment. B.A compromise should be found between th
This electronic superhighway is called the Internet,（ ）it is the backbone(主干)of the World Wide Web.
A.and B.yet C.or D.while
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:
1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.
In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes—by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other remains, and then scattered clean shells about. Next they “planted” fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat (贝卵). The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, and then transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy people's needs. But today the delicious seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900's marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-quipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attacked and ate baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly (努力) kept at it. Finally, in the 1940's a significant breakthrough was made.The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they could induce oysters to lay eggs not only in the summer but also in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further, they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, grew faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities (盐分) and temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better!1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?2.At what stage of oysters did farmers begin to speed up their growth and fatten them up in the past?3.According to the passage, which of the following words best describes the efforts
As the silent film（ ）sound, so did the sound film（ ）color.
A.cried out for... cried out for B.cry out for... cry out for C.had cried out for... cried out for D.had cried out for... cry out for
A food bank is the center of food collection and distribution in a community. This food usually（1）from grocery stores or manufacturers that have thousands of pounds of food to give（2）. Food banks operate intricate and advanced warehousing operations, （3）food is collected, （4）and re-distributed to the community. Traditionally, a food bank does not distribute food（5）to those in（6）.（7）, food banks serve an（8）network, of organizations in their（9）communities. These organizations serve one part of the（10）and know the needs of the people there.（11）working, together, the food bank and the community organization can serve a greater（12）of people in the most efficient way.Many food banks provide（13）services. They（14）from after school feeding programs, （15）Kids Cafe, to community agriculture projects. In the aftermath of welfare reform, food banks throughout the country are raising private（16）to operate innovative programs and to（17） those who are hungry. Every food bank strives to be a hunger advocate producing （18）studies and tracking statistics, while lending their hands-on expertise to get legislation passed and ensuring that the（19）of domestic hunger is not lost in the shadow of an（20）boom”.
A.results B.collects C.comes D.gathers
问题2：
A.away B.out C.over D.off
问题3：
A.which B.where C.what D.how
问题4：
A.accepted B.offered C.processed D.sorted
问题5：
A.instantly B.directly C.voluntarily D.readily
问题6：
A.need B.haste C.debt D.order
问题7：
A.However B.Otherwise C.Instead D.Certainly
问题8：
A.abnormal B.optional C.imaginary D.extensive
问题9：
A.individual B.respective C.special D.widespread
问题10：
A.organization B.bank C.operation D.community
问题11：
A.Therefore B.Nevertheless C.Still D.Conversely
问题12：
A.amount B.deal C.number D.quantity
问题13：
A.regular B.other C.daily D.depositing
问题14：
A.change B.alter C.differ D.range
问题15：
A.including B.providing C.managing D.distributing
问题16：
A.demands B.properties C.funds D.plans
问题17：
A.shelter B.feed C.clothe D.finance
问题18：
A.poverty B.welfare C.hunger D.food
问题19：
A.issue B.policy C.reform D.project
问题20：
A.economical B.economics C.economy D.economic
I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite（ ） .
A.arbitrary B.rational C.mechanical D.unpredictable
After hydrogen, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. But how do astronomers know that? It might seem that the philosopher Auguste Comte was on solid ground when he stated in 1844 that, because of the remoteness of the stars, we could never know their chemical composition. Yet only a few years later chemists discovered that under the proper circumstances every element emits a certain combination of colors of light that can identify it, just as your fingerprints can identify you. By analyzing the light coming from stars, astronomers have been able to identify the different chemical elements in the stars and in cosmic space, as well as their relative quantities. It is an interesting historical note that helium was actually found on the sun, in 1868, before it was found on earth, in the 1890s. (The name helium comes from the Greek world hellos, meaning “sun”)The central principle of chemistry is that all matter is composed of atoms. These atoms emit the colors of light that characterize each element. Each atom consists of a nucleus, or positively charged core, and around this nucleus are electrons, which are negatively charged particles. The characteristic light emitted by an atom gives us information about the arrangement of electrons about the atomic nucleus. This arrangement determines the chemical properties of the atom.The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of one of its atoms. The atomic number is a fundamental property, because it also equals the number of electrons around the nucleus in the normal (electrically neutral) atom, and these electrons determine the atom’s chemical properties. The periodic table of the elements (that is, their arrangement into the rows and columns based on their chemical and physical properties) is a result of the way the electrons are arranged in the atoms, and this arrangement or structure depends on the number of electrons and thus on the atomic structure.1.In this passage, fundamental means（ ）.2.The author’s purpose in this passage is to（ ）.3.Auguste Comte said that we could never know the composition of the stars because they are（ ）.4.According to the passage, a central principle of chemistry is that（ ）.5.The tone of this passage can best be described as（ ）.6.The organizational pattern of the first paragraph of this passage is（ ）.7.The author explains the characteristic pattern of color emitted by each element by comparing this pattern to（ ） .
A.first B.heavy C.basic D.early
问题2：
A.persuade B.inform C.entertain D.tell a story
问题3：
A.moving away from us B.very far away C.very hot D.made of helium
问题4：
A.different atoms emit different color of light B.the sun contains helium C.the atomic number is a fundamental property D.all matter is composed of atoms
问题5：
A.objective B.poetic C.hostile D.opinionated
问题6：
A.chronological order B.spatial order C.definition D.example illustration
问题7：
A.the scales of a fish B.the feathers of a bird C.a footprint D.a fingerprint.
1.The purpose of the passage is to（ ） .
2.All of the following statements are True except（ ） .
3.It can be inferred that（ ） .
4.According to the passage, "beacon"（ ） .
5.What’s the writer’s attitude to this problem?
'>When you’re surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home, do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly? And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal, all it takes is a tiny file in a computer ---- a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters ---- to record the computer user’s age, gender, location, favorite movies and hobbies.The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc., a New York company, uses sophisticated software called a “beacon” to capture what people are typing on a website.Lotame packages that data into profiles about individuals, only without their names, and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers. Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastest-growing businesses on the World Wide Web.The “cookie” ---- a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site, or to track you across many sites ---- is already old news. There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons” which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage. These beacons instantly assess the Internet user’s location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions.Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented threats. Private, sensitive, personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly. But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors’ computers. These include MSN.com and Yahoo.com.Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy, don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.
1.The purpose of the passage is to（ ） .
2.All of the following statements are True except（ ） .
3.It can be inferred that（ ） .
4.According to the passage, "beacon"（ ） .
5.What’s the writer’s attitude to this problem?
A.introduce a tiny file in a computer ---- a single code B.show how your individual information was let out when you surf the Internet C.show how to protect your privacy D.introduce a sophisticated software called a "beacon"问题2： A.Lotame sells the profiles about individuals to companies seeking customers with their age, gender, location, hobbies and names B.spying on Internet users is the fastest-growing businesses on the World Wide Web C.some of the biggest websites in the US know they were installing intrusive files on visitors’ computers D.a tiny file in a computer ——a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters can record users’ information问题3： A.because the data is used harmlessly, Internet users around the world will not face threats B.when a person surfs the Internet, his personal details may be let out without his knowledge C.your computer can really read your mind D.MSN.com and Yahoo.com use software to capture what people are typing on a website问题4： A.is a tiny text file put on your PC by websites B.is a software that can package that data into profiles about individuals C.can assess the Internet use’s location, income, shopping interests and evenThese changes have not been sufficient to（ ）the losses.
A.stem B.stimulate C.cause D.compensate
Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually takes to produce a spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work carefully, returns to the task, steps back, returns, steps back, again and again. Anthony Burgess, one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, “I might revise a page twenty times.” Ronald Dahl, the popular children’s writer, states, By the time I’m nearing the end of a story, the first part will have been reread and changed and corrected at least 150 times... Good writing is essentially re-writing. I am positive of this. ’’ Rewriting isn’t something that ought to be done. It is simply something that most writers find they have to do to discover what they have to say and how to say it. It is a condition of the writer’s life.There are，however，a few writers who do little formal rewriting，primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page. And some writers slowly produce finished pages, performing all the tasks of revision，page by page. But it is still possible to see the sequence followed by most writers most of the time in rereading their own work.Most writers can scan their draft first，reading as quickly as possible to catch the larger problems of subject and form, then move in closer and closer as they read and write, reread and rewrite.1.What does the student writer fail to do?2.What do we know about Anthony Burgess?3.Why do some writers do little formal rewriting?4.What do most writers have in common?
A.To have enough time to devote to writing. B.To find his disadvantage in writing. C.To see his works complete. D.To observe other writers rewrite.
问题2：
A.He is the first person to find the disadvantage of the student writer. B.He is a craftsman who always regrets what he has done and therefore redoes it. C.He has published many literary works. D.He enjoys writing on the same page many times.
问题3：
A.Because they can do the mental rewriting. B.Because they are not positive of what they have to say or how to say it. C.Because they believe rewriting is not worthwhile. D.Because they have to find their pages first before they write.
问题4：
A.Spending a great deal of time plotting and drafting. B.Performing all the tasks of revision at once. C.Spending most of their time reading other’s works. D.Rereading and rewriting their works.
She felt that she was too（ ） with problems to be able to study properly.
A.burdened B.tired C.grieved D.disturbed
Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have（ ） the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
A.laminated B.ruminated C.illuminated D.eliminated
The prisoner（ ）a means of escape from prison.
A.contrived B.conspired C.intrigued D.plotted