Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have（ ） the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.

A.laminated B.ruminated C.illuminated D.eliminated

We can’t understand Uncle George, for he always （ ）whatever he says.

A.masters B.mumbles C.molests D.muzzles

Since about 1800,near the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, coal, petroleum, and gas have been used at a rapidly increasing rate. The supply of these（1） is limited, and electric power is very （2） in many places. Some scientists believe solar energy is the only （3） which can meet the world’s enormous（4）for power.Great progress had been made in harnessing the sun. Not only is the sun now used in cooking, （5） it also supplies power for （6） things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It（7）telephone lines, portable radios, electric clocks, hearing aids, and even communication. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being（8）with solar energy.The three most significant types of solar equipment（9） are the furnace, the still, and the cell. Solar furnaces heat water or air,（10）is then circulated through a building to make it comfortable.Solar stills are （11） important because they can provide （12） water at a relatively cheap rate. Salt can easily be （13） from sea water with a solar still.The most highly developed type of solar （14） equipment is the solar cell. Some cells are so （15）that they can turn 16 percent of the energy they receive from the sun（16） electric energy. One of the cell’s biggest advantages is （17）it can be made either small enough to carry（18） large enough to produce a current that can run an automobile. Besides, it has a very long life. It is still too expensive for the （19）consumer but when ways are （20）to produce it more cheaply, we can expect its use to be wide-spread.

A.materials B.ores C.reserves D.fuels
问题2：
A.abundant B.adequate C.scarce D.rare
问题3：
A.means B.source C.solution D.resource
问题4：
A.need B.desire C.necessity D.supply
问题5：
A.moreover B.besides C.however D.but
问题6：
A.some B.many C.such D.these
问题7：
A.connects B.operates C.drives D.manufactures
问题8：
A.heated B.burnt C.equipped D.built
问题9：
A.ever since B.no wonder C.in all D.so far
问题10：
A.that B.what C.which D.it
问题11：
A.specially B.especially C.essentially D.specifically
问题12：
A.fresh B.healthy C.boiled D.cool
问题13：
A.dissolved B.distinguished C.divided D.removed
问题14：
A.electric B.electronic C.power D.heating
问题15：
A.powerful B.resourceful C.efficient D.reliable
问题16：
A.through B.into C.by D.with
问题17：
A.how B.that C.because D.which
问题18：
A.but B.so C.or D.too
问题19：
A.tipical B.normal C.average D.general
问题20：
A.discovered B.invented C.disclosed D.revealed

Human beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life （1）common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.However, biological understanding is not enough: （2）itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.（3）to our physical equipment — the naked human body ― we are not an（4）animal. We are tropical creatures,（5）hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us to get it. In the purely physical（6） our species seems a poor （7） for survival.But we have survived-survived and multiplied and（8） the earth. Some day we will have a（9）living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of the answer is physical. （10） its limitations, our physical equipment has some important （11） We have excellent vision and hands that can（12）objects with a precision unmatched by any other （13）. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost （14） number of neural （15） .We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in the Arctic, we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need （16） clothing, shelter, and（17） heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and（18） deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations.It was not always （19）. Our distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no （20）and lacked the physical capacity to use it.

A.processes B.acts C.modes D.procedures
问题2：
A.On B.With C.For D.By
问题3：
A.Stripped B.Pared C.Peeled D.Removed
问题4：
A.intelligent B.impressive C.influential D.incentive
问题5：
A.barely B.hardly C.nearly D.scarcely
问题6：
A.meaning B.judgment C.perspective D.sense
问题7：
A.bet B.chance C.fact D.luck
问题8：
A.filled B.loaded C.stuffed D.scattered
问题9：
A.residence B.colony C.home D.empire
问题10：
A.Apart from B.With regard to C.With the exception of D.In spite of
问题11：
A.abilities B.potentials C.capabilities D.possibilities
问题12：
A.maneuver B.manage C.manipulate D.manufacture
问题13：
A.animal B.animals C.creatures D.creature44.
问题14：
A.infinite B.unknown C.boundless D.ceaseless
问题15：
A.connections B.relations C.activities D.accesses
问题16：
A.for B.to C.with D.by
问题17：
A.artificial B.fake C.unreal D.unauthentic
问题18：
A.add up B.break up C.make up D.cut up
问题19：
A.this B.thus C.hence D.that
问题20：
A.intellect B.equipment C.competence D.culture

She felt that she was too（ ） with problems to be able to study properly.

A.burdened B.tired C.grieved D.disturbed

Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for“academic mobility”is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been comforting to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aero plane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately possible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantities and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some, isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of cooperation and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.1.According to the passage, scholars and students are great travelers because （ ）.2.The writer says that travel was important in the past because it（ ） .3.The writer thinks that academic work has recently become more specialized because（ ） .4.The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because（ ） .5.Developments in international co-operation are often, it is suggested, the result of（ ） .

A.salaries and conditions are better abroad B.standards are higher at foreign universities C.they are eager for new knowledge D.their governments encourage them to travel
问题2：
A.led to economic progress B.was a way of spreading ideas C.made new ideas less shocking D.broke down political barriers
问题3：
A.more people are studying sciences B.a greater variety of subjects is studied C.more students are doing postgraduate work D.the number of universities has increased
问题4：
A.their fellow experts are scattered round the world B.their laboratories are in remote places C.there are so many people working in similar fields D.there is a lot of dissatisfaction with social affairs at universities
问题5：
A.articles in learned journals B.programs sponsored by governments C.friendships formed by scholars at meetings D.the work of international agencies