These changes have not been sufficient to（ ）the losses.

A.stem B.stimulate C.cause D.compensate

The medicine（ ） his pain but did not cure his illness.

A.activated B.alleviated C.mediated D.deteriorated

The collapse of the Earth’s magnetic field — which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures — appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field’s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet’s lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity （极）.The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster, despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world’s largest effort at tracking the field’s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “ We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather，” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I’m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission. ’’No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2, 000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car’s generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.1.According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has（ ） .2.During the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field （ ）.3.The author says the public has no reason to panic” because（ ） .4.The cause of the transition of the Earth’s magnetic field comes from（ ） .

A.misguided many a man and animal B.begun to change in the opposite direction C.caused the changes on the polarities D.been weakening in strength for a long time
问题2：
A.the compass will become useless B.man and animals will be confused in directions C.the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappear D.the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger
问题3：
A.the transition is still thousands of years from now B.the transition can be precisely predicted by scientists C.the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish D.the new transition will come 780, 000 years from now
问题4：
A.the movement deep inside the Earth B.the periodical reverses of the Earth C.the force coining from outer space D.the mechanical movement of the Earth

With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （ ） of a very hard winter.

A.expectation B.prospect C.promise D.damage

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:

1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.

Most readers underestimate the amount of rewriting it usually takes to produce a spontaneous reading. This is a great disadvantage to the student writer, who sees only a finished product and never watches the craftsman who takes the necessary step back, studies the work carefully, returns to the task, steps back, returns, steps back, again and again. Anthony Burgess, one of the most productive writers in the English speaking countries, admits, “I might revise a page twenty times.” Ronald Dahl, the popular children’s writer, states, By the time I’m nearing the end of a story, the first part will have been reread and changed and corrected at least 150 times... Good writing is essentially re-writing. I am positive of this. ’’ Rewriting isn’t something that ought to be done. It is simply something that most writers find they have to do to discover what they have to say and how to say it. It is a condition of the writer’s life.There are，however，a few writers who do little formal rewriting，primarily because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page. And some writers slowly produce finished pages, performing all the tasks of revision，page by page. But it is still possible to see the sequence followed by most writers most of the time in rereading their own work.Most writers can scan their draft first，reading as quickly as possible to catch the larger problems of subject and form, then move in closer and closer as they read and write, reread and rewrite.1.What does the student writer fail to do?2.What do we know about Anthony Burgess?3.Why do some writers do little formal rewriting?4.What do most writers have in common?

A.To have enough time to devote to writing. B.To find his disadvantage in writing. C.To see his works complete. D.To observe other writers rewrite.
问题2：
A.He is the first person to find the disadvantage of the student writer. B.He is a craftsman who always regrets what he has done and therefore redoes it. C.He has published many literary works. D.He enjoys writing on the same page many times.
问题3：
A.Because they can do the mental rewriting. B.Because they are not positive of what they have to say or how to say it. C.Because they believe rewriting is not worthwhile. D.Because they have to find their pages first before they write.
问题4：
A.Spending a great deal of time plotting and drafting. B.Performing all the tasks of revision at once. C.Spending most of their time reading other’s works. D.Rereading and rewriting their works.