职业资格类 - 软考

Creating a clear map of where the project is going is an important first step.It lets you identify risks,clarify objectives,and determine if the project even makes sense.The only thing more important than the release plan is not to take it too seriously.Release planning is creating a game plan for your Web project（ ）what you think you want your Web site to be.The plan is a guide for the content,design elements,and functionality of a Web site to be released to the public,to partners,or internally.It also（ ）how long the project will take and how much it will cost.What the plan is not is a functional（请作答此空）that defines the project in detail or that produces a budget you can take to the bank.Basically you use a release Plan to do an initial sanity check of the project's（ ）and worthiness.Release Plans are useful road maps,but don't think of them as guides to the interstate road system.Instead,think of them as the（ ）used by early explorers-half rumor and guess and half hope and expectation.It's always a good idea to have a map of where a project is headed.
A.specification
B.structure
C.requirement
D.implementation

以下不属于安全测试方法的是（）
A.安全功能验证
B.安全漏洞扫描
C.大数据量测试
D.数据侦听

若UML类图中包含订单和订单明细两个类，则这两个类之间的关系应为（）。
A.关联
B.聚合
C.组装
D.继承

以下关于软件维护和可维护性的叙述中，不正确的是（36）。
A.软件维护要解决软件产品交付用户之后运行中发生的各种问题
B.软件的维护期通常比开发期长得多，其投入也大得多
C.进行质量保证审查可以提高软件产品的可维护性
D.提高可维护性是在软件维护阶段考虑的问题

The beauty of software is in its function, in its internal structure, and in the way in which it is created by a team. To a user, a program with just the right features presented through an intuitive and( 71 )interface is beautiful. To a software designer, an internal structure that is partitioned in a simple and intuitive manner, and that minimizes internal coupling is beautiful. To developers and managers, a motivated team of developers making significant progress every week, and producing defect-free code, is beautiful. There is beauty on all these levels.
Our world needs software--lots of software. Fifty years ago software was something that ran in a few big and expensive machines. Thirty years ago it was something that ran in most companies and industrial settings. Now there is software running in our cell phones, watches, appliances, automobiles, toys, and tools. And need for new and better software never( 作答此空 ). As our civilization grows and expands, as developing nations build their infrastructures, as developed nations strive to achieve ever greater efficiencies, the need for more and more Software( 73 )to increase. It would be a great shame if, in all that software，there was no beauty.
We know that software can be ugly. We know that it can be hard to use, unreliable, and carelessly structured. We know that there are software systems whose tangled and careless internal structures make them expensive and difficult to change. We know that there are software systems that present their features through an awkward and cumbersome interface. We know that there are software systems that crash and misbehave. These are( 74) systems. Unfortunately, as a profession, software developers tend to create more ugly systems than beautiful ones.
There is a secret that the best software developers know. Beauty is cheaper than ugliness. Beauty is faster than ugliness. A beautiful software system can be built and maintained in less time, and for less money, than an ugly one. Novice software developers don't understand this. They think that they have to do everything fast and quick. They think that beauty is( 75 ). No! By doing things fast and quick, they make messes that make the software stiff, and hard to understand, Beautiful systems are flexible and easy to understand. Building them and maintaining them is a joy. It is ugliness that is impractical. Ugliness will slow you down and make your software expensive and brittle. Beautiful systems cost the least build and maintain, and are delivered soonest.
A.happens
B.exists
C.stops
D.starts

在某C/C++程序中，整型变量a的值为0且应用在表达式“c=b/a”中，则最可能发生的情形是（50）。
A.编译时报告有语法错误
B.编译时报告有逻辑错误
C.运行时报告有语法错误
D.运行时产生异常

数据库系统的三级模式中，（）定义的是存储记录的类型、存储域的表示以及存储记录的物理顺序，指引元、索引和存储路径等数据的存储组织。
A.外模式
B.模式
C.视图
D.内模式

______不属于主动攻击。
A.流量分析
B.重放
C.IP地址欺骗
D.拒绝服务

软件评测师属于一项高级工程师认证的考试。

给定关系模式R,其中U为属性集,F是U上的一组函数依赖,那么Armstrong公理系统的伪传递律是指（ ）。
A.若X→Y,X→Z,则X→YZ为F所蕴涵
B.若X→Y,WY→Z,则XW→Z为F所蕴涵
C.若X→Y,Y→Z为F所蕴涵,则X→Z为F所蕴涵
D.若Ⅹ→Y为F所蕴涵,且Z U,则XZ→YZ为F所蕴涵

在平衡二叉排序树上进行查找时，其时间复杂度为（）。
A.O（log2n+1）
B.O（log2n）
C.O（log2n-1）
D.log22n

在分布式数据库中，（）是指用户或应用程序不需要知道逻辑上访问的表具体如何分块存储。
A.逻辑透明
B.位置透明
C.分片透明
D.复制透明

在C程序中，若表达式中的算术运算对象的类型不同，则需要先统一为相同类型后再进行计算，例如，表达式“a-b”中，若a是双精度浮点型变量，b是整型变量，为了尽可能保证运算精度，通常进行的处理是（）。
A.读取b的值并转换为双精度浮点型数据，然后进行两个浮点数的相减运算，变量b的值不变
B.读取a的值并转换为整型数据，然后进行两个整数的相减运算，变量a的值不变
C.将b重新定义为双精度浮点型娈量（其值自动转换为双精度型数据），再进行两个浮点数的相减运算
D.将a重新定义为整型变量（其值自动转换为整型数据），再进行两个整数的相减运算
C/C++语言编译系统提供的内部数据类型的自动隐式转换规则如下：
①程序在执行算术运算时，低类型可以转换为高类型。
②在赋值表达式中，右边表达式的值自动隐式转换为左边变量的类型，并赋值给它。
⑨当在函数调用时，将实参值赋给形参，系统隐式地将实参转换为形参的类型后，赋给形参。
④函数有返回值时，系统将自动地将返回表达式类型转换为函数类型后，赋值给调用函数。

大多数程序设计语言的语法规则用（）描述即可。
A.正规文法
B.上下文无关文法
C.上下文有关文法
D.短语结构文法

在输入输出控制方法中，采用______可以使得设备与主存间的数据块传送无需CPU干预。
A.程序控制输入输出
B.中断
C.DMA
D.总线控制

某软件公司项目组的程序员在程序编写完成后均按公司规定撰写文档，并上交公司存档。此情形下，该软件文档著作权应由（）享有。
A.程序员
B.公司与项目组共同
C.公司
D.项目组全体人员

通过总线，各部件之间可以相互通信，而不是每两个部件之间相互连接，有利于新模块的扩展，但加大了计算机体系结构的设计成本。

风险的优先级通常是根据（ ）设定
A.风险影响（RiskImpact）
B.风险概率（RiskProbability）
C.风险暴露（RiskExposure）
D.风险控制（RiskControl）

类封装了信息和行为，是面向对象的重要组成部分。在系统设计过程中，类可以划分为不同种类。身份验证通常属于（请作答此空），用户通常属于（）。
A.控制类
B.实体类
C.边界类
D.接口类

在结构化分析中，用数据流图描述（17）。当采用数据流图对一个图书馆管理系统进行分析时，（18）是一个外部实体。
A.数据对象之间的关系，用于对数据建模
B.数据在系统中如何被传送或变换，以及如何对数据流进行变换的功能或子功能，用于对功能建模
C.系统对外部事件如何响应，如何动作，用于对行为建模
D.数据流图中的各个组成部分