When one has good health,（ ）should feel fortunate.
A.you B.they C.he D.we
His back injury has（ ）him unfit for work, so he has no alternative but to live on relief payment.
A.rendered B.devastated C.reckoned D.hindered
Love is love and death is death, for a South African Bushman and a French surrealist alike. So the themes of literature have at once an infinite variety and an abiding constancy.
A.continuing B.refraining C.interchanging D.corresponding
The （ ）that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.
A.contributions B.occupations C.expostulations D.amendment
The highly（ ）audience loudly applauded the performance.
A.appreciable B.appraise C.appreciative D.apprehensive
Don't be hard on Lilly. She is（ ）and she may start to cry.
A.sophisticated B.sympathetic C.sensitive D.sensible
After the president resigned, the vice president was the（ ）head of the small country.
A.eventual B.chosen C.virtual D.genuine
That lady left without （ ）a nod.
A.so much as B.much as C.such like D.as long as
I aim to reveal in terms of a general theory of interpretation the typical situation in which a stranger finds himself in his attempt to interpret the cultural pattern of a social group which he approaches and to orient himself within it. For our present purposes the term “stranger” shall mean an adult individual of our times and civilization who tries to be permanently accepted or at least tolerated by the group which he approaches. The outstanding example for the social situation under scrutiny is that of the immigrant, and the following analyses are, as a matter of convenience，worked out with this instance. But by no means is their validity restricted to this special case. The applicant for membership in a closed club，the prospective bridegroom who wants to be admitted to the girl’s family，the farmer’s son who enters college, the city-dweller who settles in a rural environment, the “selectee” who joins the Army, the family of the worker who moves into a boom town—all are strangers according to the definition just given,although in these cases the typical “crisis” that the immigrant undergoes may assume milder forms or even be entirely absent.As a convenient starting point we shall investigate how the cultural pattern of group life presents itself to the common sense of a man who lives his everyday life within the group among his fellow-men. Following the customary terminology, we use the term “cultural pattern of group life” for designating all the peculiar valuations，institutions, and systems of orientation and guidance (such as the folkways, mores, laws, habits, customs, etiquette, fashions) which, in the common opinion of sociologists of our time, characterize—if not constitute—any social group at a given moment in its history. This cultural pattern, like any phenomenon of the social world, has a different aspect for the sociologist and for the man who acts and thinks within it. The sociologist (as sociologist, not as a man among fellow-men which he remains in his private life) is the disinterested scientific onlooker of the social world. He is disinterested in that he intentionally refrains from participating in the network of plans，means，and-ends relations, motives and chances，hopes and fears，which the actor within the social world uses for interpreting his experiences of it;as a scientist he tries to observe,describe, and classify the social world as clearly as possible in well-ordered terms in accordance with the scientific ideals of coherence, consistency,and analytical consequence.The actor within the social world, however, experiences it primarily as a field of his actual and possible acts and only secondarily as an object of his thinking. In so far as he is interested in knowledge of his social world, he organizes this knowledge not in terms of a scientific system but in terms of relevance to his actions. This system of knowledge thus acquired—incoherent, inconsistent, and only partially clear, as it is—takes on for the members of the in-group the appearance of a sufficient coherence, clarity, and consistency to give anybody a reasonable chance of understanding and of being understood. Any member born or reared within the group accepts the ready-made standardized scheme of the cultural pattern handed down to him by ancestors,teachers,and authorities as an unquestioned and unquestionable guide in all the situations which normally occur within the social world. The knowledge correlated to the cultural pattern carries its evidence in itself, or, rather, it is taken for granted in the absence of evidence to the contrary. It is a knowledge of trustworthy recipes for interpreting the social world and for handling things and men in order to obtain the best results in every situation with a minimum of effort by avoiding undesirable consequences.1.In what way does the immigrant’s predicament differ to that of the other “strangers”？2.Why does the author use the word “peculiar” when describing the components of a “cultural pattern”？3.According to the author, how does a sociologist examine “cultural patterns”？4.Acco
The history of black liberation movements in the United States could be characterized as a struggle over images as much as it has also been a struggle for rights, for equal access. To many reformist black civil rights activists, who believed that desegregation would offer the humanizing context that would challenge and change white supremacy, the issue of representation—control over images—was never as important as equal access. （1）. Roger Wilkins emphasizes this point in his recent essay “White Out”.In those innocent days, before desegregation had really been tried, before the New Frontier and the Great Society, many of us blacks had lovely, naive hopes for integration…In our naivete, we believed that the power to segregate was the greatest power that had been wielded against us. It turned out that our expectations were wrong. （2） .Though our politics differ, Wilkins's observations echo my insistence, in the opening essay of Black Looks: Representation, that black people have made few, if any, revolutionary interventions in the arena of representation.In part, racial desegregation — equal access — offered a vision of racial progress that, however limited, led many black people to be less vigilant about the question of representation. （3）. This leads to a cultural context in which images that would subvert the status quo are harder to produce. There is no “perceived market” for them. Nor should it surprise us that the erosion of oppositional black subcultures (many of which have been destroyed in the desegregation process) has deprived us of those sites of radical resistance where we have had primary control over representation. （4） .No wonder, then, that racial integration has created a crisis in black life, signaled by the utter loss of critical vigilance in the arena of image making by our being stuck in endless debate over good and bad imagery. （5） . Photography began to have less significance in black life as a means—private or public—by which an oppositional standpoint could be asserted. A mode of seeing different from that of the dominant culture. Everyday black folks began to see themselves as not having a major role to play in the production of images.
A.Currently, contemporary commoditization of blackness creates a market context wherein conventional, even stereotypical, modes of representing blackness may receive the greatest reward B.The aftermath of this crisis has been devastating in that it has led to a relinquishment of collective black interest in the production of images C.As time has progressed and the face of white supremacy has no changed, reformist and radical blacks would likely agree that
He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, （ ）insufficiently popular with all members.
A.being considered B.considering C.to be considered D.having considered
We've just installed a fan （ ）to cooking smells from the kitchen.
A.eject B.expel C.exclude D.exile
Diamonds have little （ ）value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.
A.subtle B.eternal C.inherent D.intrinsic
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us as a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional maimer, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink.Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted.Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men.1.According to the passage, the way we
In the course of the evolution of birds from reptiles, there was a（ ）of changes in the bone, muscles, and skin structures of the animals.
A.rotation B.succession C.session D.suspension
A network of miniature toxin detectors has been （ ）in 30 American cities for the sake of bio-security.
A.deployed B.committed C.indulged D.immersed
A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of the wax, found on his clothes,（ ）from the sort of candles used only in church.
A.come B.that come C.coming D.had come
People were surprise to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to （ ）everything he was involved in.
A.prevail B.dominate C.preside D.instruct
He rapidly became （ ）with his own power in the team.
A.irrigated B.irradiated C.inoculated D.intoxicated
The work confirms hints that had already been emerging in the scientific literature in recent years that p53 Aand related proteins might play an important role in life, but the new paper is far more detailed—and, scientists say,Bmore compelling—that anything published previously.C D
A.that B.far more detailed C.that D.published previously.