学历类 - 外语类

When you pack the pears, please be careful so that they won’t get （ ）.

A good teacher should not confront his pupils （ ）too much information in one lesson.

England’s team, who are now superbly fit will be doing their best next week to （ ）themselves for last year’s defeat.

We are told the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs program, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life attitudes other than those which obtain in their own local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities, width of judgment, and a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones do not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented with in a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observe fleetingly individually interesting points of difference between them is sufficient in itself.Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to — or feel we should try to — make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media, is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customer happy. It is within the grain of mass communications, The organs of the Establishment, however well intentioned they may be and whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary, societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and enquiry, do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted cliches of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation” the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo(现状).There were exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic.The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programs such as this are noteworthy less for the “stimulation” (repeated at regular interest) may become a substitute for and so a hindrance to judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate(使丧失活力)them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything.

1.According to the passage, the mass media present us with （ ）.2.What effect is it claimed the mass media can have on our intellectual and imaginative development?3.How are the mass media said to influence our ability to make decisions?4.The author says that a natural concern of the Establishment is to （ ）.5.What is the author's final judgment on how mass communications deal with intellectual matters?

The debates over stem cell research during the last decade have been among the most heated（ ）in the history of science.

Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists（1）research the relation between actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain （2）rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence（3） approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks （4）in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, （5）to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a （6） and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity’’，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for（7）performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with discouraged students, Eisenberger holds （8） an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing （9）.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in （10）students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

It is true that （ ）a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.

Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife （ ）for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.

This year will be difficult for this organization because （ ）.

Each year, a few so-called top designers in Paris and London lay down on the law andAwomen around the world run to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable andBdictatorial. Sometime they decide arbitrarily, that skirts will be short and waists will be high; Czips are in and buttons are out. D

To （ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.

Cambridge is （ ）the best university in Europe and among the world’s top ten.

Fortune tellers are good at making （ ）statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.

A （ ）examination is one which is in preparation for something.

The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at（ ）.

Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become （ ）at many survival skills.

While the doctor analyzed the patient’s condition, his family waited outside in considerable （ ）.

She refused to let the injury keep her from （ ）her goal of being in the Olympics.

Many in the business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the people working within it. People are （1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or （2） management. Engaged employees are usually happy employees who are more （3） as they have a natural and genuine interest in the （4） of the organization.Staff becomes engaged because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers （5） these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are connected with a common goal is to get recruitment （6） . Recruiting should include a number of questions （7） at getting an understanding of a person's motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often （8）with workers. However they are far more likely to （9） into change when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in （10） engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of a company, they are far more likely to produce better results and work to the best of their ability.

These young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that wentAfor more than two decades and caused a major but temporary reversal of long-term demographicBpatterns. From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a higher rate and at aCyounger age than their European counterparts. D