A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of the college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society, where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. On the other hand, as many big enterprises and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest in long range research, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field, where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young people’s view on the choice of careers, but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge.
At this school we aim to _____ the minds of all the students by reading.
A.cultivate B.instruct C.teach D.coach
Fossils are the traces of plants and animals of past geological ages that have been preserved in the Earth's crust
A.registers B.residue C.profusion D.precursors
（ ）whether our opponent company will make any profit at all.
A.expect B.claim C.doubt D.admit
Chlorine is a mainstay in most swimming pools in the United States, and is used to eradicate bacteria. A bacteria-free pool will usually ensure that swimmers won't contract a serious illness if they spend time in, and possibly ingest, the water. When chlorine is added to pool water, a chemical reaction occurs whereby the chlorine breaks down into a legion chemicals that combine to kill bacteria that may be in the water. These chemicals, specifically hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion, eliminate bacteria by annihilating and then oxidizing the abhorrent cells. When this chemical reaction occurs, the bacteria are rendered essentially harmless. This chemical reaction doesn’t occur immediately- individual components within chlorine take varying amounts of time to interact with the bacteria, creating an almost time-release-type of kill in the pool water.Chlorine must be regularly replenished. As they react, the hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion combine to create a particular acceptable pH level in the pool water. ApH is a measure of the alkalinity and acidity present; a pH value of 7 represents a neutral value, and 7.4 is the pH value of the human tear. The pH ratio must be regularly
He does nothing that violates the interest of the collective.
A.runs for B.runs against C.runs over D.runs into
Although some people advocate terrorists, love of peace is the（ ）feeling of many people today.
A.dominant B.predominant C.paramount D.preeminent
You’re filling out the application form for a position you really need; let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “imposters”； another refers to them as “special cases”. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people”.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, as personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century -- that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.1.The main idea of this passage is that （ ）.2.According to the passage, “special cases” (Para.3) refers to cases where（ ）.3.We can infer from the passage that （ ）.4.This passage implies that （ ）.5.The word “utter” (Para.2) probably means（ ）.
A.employers are checking more closely on applicants now B.lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C.College degrees can now be purchased easily D.employers are no longer interested in college degrees
问题2：
A.students attend a school only part-time B.students never attended a school they listed on their application C.students purchase false degrees from commercial firms D.students attended a famous school
问题3：
A.performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree B.experience is the best teacher C.past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D.a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition
问题4：
A.buying a false degree is not moral B.personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools C.most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D.society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications
问题5：
A.address B.thorough C.ultimate D.decisive
It is not uncommon for there （ ）problems of communication between the old and the young.
A.being B.would be C.be D.to be
The president of the company was under enormous （ ）during the trial.
A.force B.pressure C.strength D.tense
Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled（ ）and modified.
A.noticeable B.certainly C.deliberately D.absolutely
The motion of ocean water （ ）at different depths below the surface.
A.varies B.modified C.alters D.differs
1.This paper will mainly discuss ( ) .2.which of the following is NOT true?3.Foster identified the author of an anonymous manifesto by( ) .4.Which of the following can most probably be inferred from the passage?5.By "access have grown" in paragraph 3, the author probably means that( ) .
'>Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number-crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature.Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especially for foreign or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections.Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have produced some interesting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As computer use and access have grown, so has the number of digitized texts of classic literary works.The computer-based study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship, In the late 1980s Foster created SHAXICON, a database that tracks all the "rare" words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explore when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed us they were reproduced over the centuries.In late 1995 Foster's work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 578-line poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent scholars because of his computer-base approach. If Foster's claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions to the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years.Foster's work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colors (1996). After using his computer program to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Klein as the author. Soon after, Klein admitted that he was the author. Foster was also
1.We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that（）
2.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be （）3.Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ?4.What is a possible effect of olestra according to some critics?5.Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?
'>Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it?New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods, Critics, however, say that the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it is up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can't be digested at all.Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream.Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it's that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without
Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea, it is understandable that some of the efficient, highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammals that evolved on land should have returned to the sea. Those that did do that have flourished. Within about 50 million years—no time at all, geologically speaking—one of the four kinds of mammals that has returned to a marine environment has developed into the largest of all animal forms, the whale. A second kind, the seal, has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals on Earth. This suggests that these “top dogs” of the ocean are prospering and multiplying. However, such has not been the case, at least not for the last 150 years. Trouble has closed in on these mammals in the form of equally warm-blooded and even more efficient and adaptable predators, humans. At sea, as on land, humans have now positioned themselves on top of the whole great pyramid of life, and they have caused serious problems for the mammals of the sea.There is a simple reason for this. Marine mammals have the misfortune to be swimming aggregates of commodities that humans want: fur, oil, and meat. Even so, they might not be so vulnerable to human depredation if they did not, like humans, reproduce so slowly. Every year humans take more than 50 million tons of fish from the oceans without critically depleting the population of any species. But the slow-breeding mammals of the sea have been all but wiped out by humans seeking to satisfy their wants and whims.1.Which of the following statements about marine mammals best expresses the main idea of the passage?2.What advantage did some land mammals gain by returning to the sea?3.It can be inferred from the passage that during the last 150 years humans have（）4.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?5.It can be inferred from the passage that marine mammals are like humans in which of the following
A.They have their origins on land. B.They have evolved successfully but are now threatened by humans. C.They compete with one another for the ocean’s food supply. D.They have many of the biological traits of humans.
问题2：
A.Fewer predators exist in the sea. B.More space is available in the sea. C.There is a greater supply of food in the sea. D.The climate is more hospitable in the sea.
问题3：
A.constructed submarines B.learned how to swim C.threatened the existence of some marine mammals D.begun to harvest certain plants from the ocean as food
问题4：
A.The whale’s ancestors were driven into the sea by humans. B.The food supply of seals is being depleted by humans. C.The whale evolved from a species of land-dwelling mammal. D.Whales are a more efficient and adaptable species than humans.
问题5：
A.They survive despite changes in their metabolic rates. B.They reproduce slowly. C.They are prospering and multiplying. D.They are depleting the vegetation of the seas
You probably know that it's better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that7 s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmer's market).The explosion in （1 ） produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely （2 ） development in the food industry. However, （3 ） still exists about exactly what the organic （4 ） means.Do you know the difference between a cereal that's “organic, 100% organic” ,and “made with organic （5 ） ? The USDA has clearly defined standards that （6 ） which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them www.usda.gov.Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out （7 ） another new development in the food world: genetically （8 ） organisms ( GMOs) . No one knows for certain the short and （9 ） effects of these products of gene engineering, （10 ） there's a chance they could lead to the （11 ） creation of “superweeds” or （12 ） with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www.saynotogmos.org. （13 ） you’re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the （14 ） names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion, （15 ） the other manufactures its corn flakes via （16 ） environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use （17 ） such as www.responsibleshopper.com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they （18 ） ,and they grade hundreds of companies on social,ethical and environmental issues.Remember: （19 ） conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your （20 ） cart.
A.green B.organic C.healthy D.optional
问题2：
A.positive B.negative C.active D.passive
问题3：
A.controversy B.contribution C.conversion D.confusion
问题4：
A.label B.mark C.word D.food
问题5：
A.components B.genes C.ingredients D.compositions
问题6：
A.determine B.illustrate C.recommend D.demonstrate
问题7：
A.in B.to C.for D.on
问题8：
A.moved B.modified C.modeled D.motivated
问题9：
A.long-run B.long-term C.long-day D.long-distance
问题10：
A.while B.and C.but D.or
问题11：
A.unconditional B.unexceptiona
The poet William Blake wrote in the early nineteenth century: “ Great things are done when men and mountains meet. ” Great things indeed were done on Mount Everest in May of 1996. Also poignant things, foolish things, deadly things: Hundreds of climbers from eleven different expeditions were on the mountain — thirty-one near the summit — when a freakish and fierce-some storm blew in. Eight climbers perished, the highest one-day death toll since the first expedition tried to reach the top of the world’s tallest peak in 1921.Adventurers have always sought challenges: deeper jungles, wider oceans, newer worlds. But mountains have been special. Perhaps it’s their size, their power, their resistance to conquest. In Patrick Meyers’s play K2, a marooned climber on the Himalaya peak that gives the play its name delivers this line: “Mountains are metaphors. ” And so they are. Climbers search not just for summits but also for themselves. They reach up to reach in.That helps explain why Everest has been enveloped by “Mountain Madness”, the name of a Seattle company that offers guided tours of the peak for about $ 65,000 ( plus airfare to Nepal). New technology and equipment have also helped: lighter gear, warmer clothing, better radios and telephones. And the adventure can be shared, practically in real time, with Internet browsers around the world.But the community of high-mountain explorers now is gripped by soul-searching and second- guessing. Everest, after all, is not a theme peak. Some of the dead were experienced guides who lost their lives trying to save less agile amateurs. Said Mark Bryant, editor of Outside Magazine: Some of us have been asking: “Is it right that an average climber can order an ascent of Everest out of a catalog?” An Australian mountaineer, Tim McCartney-Snape, told the Associated Press: “Some things should remain sacred, and Everest is one of them. Even the strongest and toughest have found it can be extremely difficult just existing at that altitude, without other people depending on you. ”On Everest, dependency can lead to heroism and to tragedy. One frostbitten amateur, Seaborne Weathers of Dallas, was plucked from a rocky ledge at 22, 000 feet by a Nepalese army helicopter—an act of incredible bravery. And Rob Hall, a guide who had climbed Everest several times, stayed on its slops with a dying customer. After learning they were hopelessly trapped, Hall managed to place a satellite telephone call to his pregnant wife, Jan, in New Zealand. “Hey, look,” he told her, “don’t worry about me. ” At that moment, Hall remembered Harold, the character in K2 who muses: “Understanding has no meaning, Holding on, just holding on, that has meaning. ” Like Harold, he knew the mountain was still a mountain. Still a goal. Still a dream. And he couldn’t hold on. Rob Hall died before rescuers could reach him.
1.Which of the following statements best describes the author’s point of view?2.The sentence “They reach up to reach in” may be best paraphrased by “（ ） ”.3.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, Harold’s saying “Understanding has no meaning” means（ ） .5.Most likely, the author of this passage is（ ） .
A.Amateurs should not be encouraged to climb Mount Everest. B.Guided tours of Mount Everest have become a source of enormous profits. C.In the past, Mount Everest has made heroes out of ordinary men and women. D.Mount Everest should remain a metaphor to be talked about.问题2： A.To know the inherent meaning of a mountain, one needs to climb up to the top B.In conquering the mountain, one finds a proof of oneself C.Mountaineers must climb upward in order to climb inside it D.One needs to climb up to the top to see why a mountain is metaphorical问题3： A.Mountain climbing can have a live report simultaneously B.Mountaineers can be located instantly during their climbing C.New technology significantly reduces risks and dangers in mountain climbing D.It is more dangerous to have someone depending on you during mountain climbing问题4： A.determination is more vital than thMany of these companies moved to the Inland South to take ( ) of the lower wages and the lack of strong labor unions in the region.
A.profit B.advantage C.favour D.adventure
He will （ ） resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.
A.doubtfully B.adequately C.presumably D.reasonably