He attends to the （ ）of important business himself.

A.transaction B.transition C.transmission D.transformation

Employees are （ ）to join the company’s pension plan after a year’s service.

A.compelled B.acquired C.responded D.rejected

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals but history is filled with examples of it.In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.” “We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”1.The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that （ ）.2.The author asserts that scientists （ ）.3.It seems that some young scientists （ ）.4.The author implies that the results of scientific research （ ）.

A.inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments B.science advances when fruitful researchers are conducted C.scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research D.unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
问题2：
A.shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thought B.shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things C.should write more concise reports for technical journals D.should be confident about their research findings
问题3：
A.have a keen interest in B.often speculate on the future prediction C.think highly of creative thinking D.stick to “scientific method”
问题4：
A.may not be as profitable as they are expected B.can be measured in dollars and cents C.rely on conformity to a standard pattern D.are mostly underestimated by management

More than 200 Bradford secondary school pupils were sent home from school this week. Their crime is Uniform breaches（违反）.They weren’t tying their ties around their heads. They were wearing sports shoes or the wrong cut of trousers. But is it OK to deprive someone of a day of education just because they don’t look smart enough?

The rationale for uniform is to create a level playing field. So rich kids don’t lord it over poorer ones with their flashy jumpers and fashionable and expensive sports shoes and no one is teased for not following the latest trends. But the other side of conformity is dullness. What about budding fashionistas（超级时尚迷）or simply those who want to express their individuality? A dull uniform suppresses our right to express ourselves through clothes. Kids will be kids, and frankly it takes more than stipulating the right shade of blue shirt to remove utterly bullying from schools. If teens want to bully others they will find their motive and means.Schools also say that uniforms help to set high academic standards. But some of the highest-achieving countries have no uniform. Finland’s schools top international league tables and don’t have school uniform; while the UK has the uniforms without the stunning results.Wearing uniform doesn’t even “suit” you for the workplace. It maybe OK if you’re headed for the boardroom but if you’re looking for a fashionable job in the tech sector, then think again. The uniform there is more beard and skinny jeans than blazer（运动休闲西装）and tie. In fact, in many offices these days, you’d be more likely to get a laugh than a call back.At my school there’s a strict uniform policy in lower school and a dress code in the sixth form. I envy a friend at another school who sat her exams in cosy clothes and comfy boots. There’s nothing more distracting in a three-hour history exam than a suffocating top button. Who knows? I might have got an A plus in maths if I’d been in my overalls.And uniform is a distraction. Teachers spend time and energy policing uniform when they could presumably be teaching us. They hand out detentions, quibble over hair dye and sometimes, creepily, ask girls to kneel on the floor to check the length of their skirts. In any case, there are better ways to introduce unity into schools. In the real world, communities are built on shared interests, not wearing identical kit. Take football fans. As it gets cold, they may choose to put on the team scarf but it’s the chants and shared hatred of the opposition that unite them. It’s actually doing a lunchtime or after-school activity that provides bonds, rather than what you’re wearing to do so.Uniforms may work for police officers, soldiers and neo-Nazis, but they have no place in schools. The Bradford kids should wear what they want, their schools should let them—and then everyone could get on with some actual learning.1.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of enforcing uniform policy?2.The author asserts that uniform is a distraction at school because（ ）.3.What might be the best title for the passage?4.What is the author’s attitude towards school uniform?

A.To create a level playing field. B.To set high academic standards. C.To eradicate bullying from schools. D.To deny pupils’ right to express themselves.问题2： A.teachers should focus on teaching rather than on forcing uniform B.Finland’s schools top international league tables without uniform C.uniform prevents the building of shared interests D.overalls are more suffocating than uniform问题3： A.School Uniform: For Better or For Worse? B.Uniform: A Symbol of Unity For Sports Fans? C.The Widespread of School Uniform in Bradford D.The Role of Uniform in Every Walks of Life问题4： A.Neutral. B.Critical. C.Optimistic. D.Enthusiastic.

Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child’s individual personality,characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going,children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress,such as that found in disrupted families,seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast,a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going,relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and children’s characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older,the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings,and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8,and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame,anger,and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant,have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore,the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male agression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup,boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers,teachers,or peers.1.It is hard for temperamental, irritable kids to adapt to parental divorce because（ ） .2.The following statements are true EXCEPT（ ） .3.Why does parental divorce have greater effects on boys than on girls according to the author?4.What does the passage mainly convey to the readers?

A.they are too much disrupted by the life change B.the family breakup makes them feel very sensitive C.the great stress of their families diminishes their ability D.they encounter more parents’ fights than the easy-going children
问题2：
A.a six-year-old boy may feel being deserted by his parents B.divorce is usually caused by more than one reason C.a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boy D.as the kids grow older, they have a better understanding of divorce
问题3：
A.Because all cultures tolerate male agression and noncompliance. B.Because boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls. C.Because males are usually viewed as the models in self-control. D.Because boys are always involved in their parents’ fights.
问题4：
A.Kids of different ages behave differently facing parental divorce. B.The impact of divorce on kids varies in personality, age and gender. C.Boys may become more aggressive than girls in disrupted families. D.Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their lives.

They managed to （ ） the enemy’s secret telegram and thus were able to win the victory.

A.decompose B.decode C.enlighten D.enclose