Mr. Li is the present （ ）of the presidential chair of the company.

A.transaction B.prescription C.professor D.incumbent

Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists（1）research the relation between actions and their consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain （2）rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence（3） approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks （4）in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, （5）to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a （6） and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity’’，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for（7）performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with discouraged students, Eisenberger holds （8） an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing （9）.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in （10）students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

Hardly （ ）when a loud explosion was heard.

A.the train had started B.the train had been started C.had the train started D.did the train start

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human management is not traditionally seen as a central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as individual responsibility. Labor is simply another force of production to be hired/rented at the lowest possible cost, which is a must as one buys raw material or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporate pecking order. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional or managerial employees. And the limited investments that made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in German (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in German than it is in United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at the speed with which new equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retaining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.1.Which of the following applies to the human resource management of American companies?2.What is the position of the executive of human-resource management in American firms?3.The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goeson （ ）.4.Why is there a slow pace of technological change in American firms?5.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.They hire people with the least possible money regardless of their skills. B.They see skills gain as their employees’ own business. C.They refer to hire self-trained workers. D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen employment competition.
问题2：
A.He is one of the most important executives of the firm. B.His position is likely to disappear when new technologies have been introduced. C.He has no saying in making important decisions of the firm. D.He is directly under the chief financial executive.
问题3：
A.technological and managerial staff B.workers who will run new equipment C.workers who lack of basic background skills D.top executive
问题4：
A.New equipment is more expensive in America. B.American firms don’t pay enough attention to on-the -job training their workers. C.The decision making process in American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes. D.The professional staffs of American firms are less paid and so less creative.
问题5：
A.American firm’ human resource management strategies affect their competitive capacity. B.Human resource management is a key factor in a firm’s survival. C.The cost of work training in America is higher than that in Japan and Germany. D.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resou

She actually preferred a more gregarious urban lifestyle and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime.

A.tranquil B.sociable C.inactive D.undisturbed

Yet beyond that tragic picture, there is a revolution at work in world agriculture.

A.reflective B.illusive C.intolerable D.grievous