The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against thenotion that most people hold that as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the geneticlegacy we are bom with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influencegoes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says RobertPlomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetics to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation inintelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent； by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children getolder，they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs,and says “ Kids with high G will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friendswho are like-minded. ” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes andactivities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn’tmean at all that there is nothing you can do about it，” says Susanne Jaeggi，“From our own work, theones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training. ’’Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children’s natural abilities. “My inclination would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”

1.What is the common notion that people hold about genes?2.The study by Plomin’s team aims to find out ( )3.From the experiment with twins, Plomin’s team draws a conclusion that( ) .

4.The word “pattern” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to( ) .

5.Which of the following might Plomin’s team least agree to?

A.Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people. B.Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education. C.Genes contribute more to one’s intelligence than environmental factors. D.Environmental factors lessen the influence of genes on one’s intelligence.问题2： A.whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differences B.how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approaches C.whether genetic contribution to one’s intelligence varies with age D.the relationship between environment and genes问题3： A.genetic contribution increases when one grows older B.genetic influence decreases when age increases C.environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twins D.it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people问题4： A.cognitive ability B.strong heritability C.genetic legacy D.challenging pastimes问题5： A.An identical curriculum to school children. B.A differentiated course design to children with varied IQ. C.More effort directed at children with medium or low G. D.Education tailored to children’s natural abilities.

In recent years, teachers of introductory courses in Asian American studies have been facing a dilemma nonexistent a few decades ago, when hardly any texts in that field were available. Today, excellent anthologies （文选）and other introductory texts exist, and books on individual Asian Ameri- cans are published almost weekly. Even professors who are experts in the field find it difficult to de-cide which of these to assign to students ； non-experts who teach in related areas and are looking for writings for and by Asian American to include in survey courses are in an even worse position.A complicating factor has been the continuing lack of specialized one-volume reference works on Asian Americans, such as biographical dictionaries or desktop encyclopedias. Such works would ena-ble students taking Asian American studies courses （ and professors in related fields） to look up basic information on Asian American individuals, institutions, history, and culture without having to wade through （费力地阅读冗长或艰深的材料）mountains of primary source material. In addition, givensuch works, Asian American studies professors might feel more free to include more challenging Asian American material in their introductory reading lists, since good reference works allow students to ac-quire on their own the background information necessary to interpret difficult or unfamiliar material.

1.The author is primarily concerned with（ ）.

2.The “dilemma” (Line 2，Para. 1) can best be characterized as being caused by the necessity to make a choice when faced with a（ ）

3.Biographical dictionaries and desktop encyclopedias are（ ） .

4.Which of the following is implied about the introductory courses in Asian American studies a few decades ago?

5.According to the passage, the existence of good one-volume reference works about Asian Ameri-cans could result in（ ）

A.responding to a criticism B.describing a course of study C.discussing a problem D.evaluating a past course of action问题2： A.lack of acceptable alternatives B.lack of strict standards for evaluating alternatives C.preponderance of bad alternatives as compared to good D.multitude of different alternatives问题3： A.primary source materials B.introductory texts C.excellent anthologies D.reference materials问题4： A.The range of different textbooks that could be assigned for such was extremely limited. B.The texts assigned as readings in such courses were often not very challenging for students. C.Students often complained about the texts assigned to them, in such courses. D.Such courses were offered only at schools whose libraries were rich in primary sources.问题5： A.increased agreement among professors of Asian American studies regarding the quality of the sources available in their field B.an increase in the number of students sighing up for introductory courses in AsianAmerican studies C.increased accuracy in writings that concern Asian American history and culture D.the inclusion of a wider range of Asian American material in introductory reading lists in Asi-an American studies

Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in（ ）.

A.expiration B.explanation C.expertise D.expenditure

s="" earthquake="" ______="" windows="" and="" woke="" residents.'>

Monday's earthquake ______ windows and woke residents.

A.slammed B.prosecuted C.rattled D.pierced

While admiring that this forecast was（ ）uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it as a cry of wolf.

A.anyhow B.somewhere C.somewhat D.anyway

Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.When a good assortment of food in appropriate amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of diets of individuals in the United States show that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future.Nutritionists and workers in allied professions have been concerned about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet.Most people believe that they are well fed—that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C.These include dark green leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers.Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as well as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, habits, and information cannot be forced upon her.There are life situations, however, that tend to cause all individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.

1.Food preference in America is ______.2.Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in ______.3.According to the author, nutritionists are concerned with ______.4.Some people judge their nutrition by the ______.5.The author advocates______.

A.culturally oriented B.inherited C.individualistic D.according to ages问题2： A.celery B.banana C.milk D.cabbage问题3： A.improving the vitamin content of processed foods B.restricting the manufacture of high cholesterol foods C.informing the public about wholesome foods D.helping people enjoying uninformed about nutrition问题4： A.status of their health B.grocery stores where they shop C.amount of protein in their diets D.food they took问题5： A.requiring high school students to take courses on nutrition B.making information on nutrition available to the public C.forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packages D.people has the right to choose food