The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is（ ） .

A.greedy B.thrifty C.stingy D.careful

The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it（ ）into fragments.

A.broke away B.broke off C.broke up D.broke through

The company that Joan works for is（ ）with an automotive company, so she can get a dis-count on a new car.

A.correlated B.parallel C.affiliated D.accounted

Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.

A.ingenious B.empirical C.objective D.indignant

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes bowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

1.The purpose of Frederick I’s experiment was（ ）.

2.The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that（ ）3.What is particularly remarkable about a child is that（ ）.4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?5.If a child starts to speak later than others, he will（ ）in future.

A.to prove that children are born with ability to speak B.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speak C.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak D.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language问题2： A.they are incapable of learning language rapidly B.they are exposed to too much language at once C.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak D.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them问题3： A.he is born with the capacity to speak B.he has a brain more complex than an animal’s C.he can produce his own sentences D.he owes his speech ability to good nursing问题4： A.The faculty of speech is inborn in man. B.The child’s brain is highly selective. C.Most children learn their language in definite stages. D.All the above问题5： A.have a high IQ B.be less intelligent C.be insensitive to verbal signals D.not necessarily be backward

The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules ichelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventu-ally by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the ewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout urope. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and deals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to hu-man —as opposed to spiritual — values. Fulfillment in life — as opposed to concern about an after-life —became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the leasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as eligious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period — how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed，experienced, discussed, and dis- seminated. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were be- ing rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music — although they could read the writ- ings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and lit- erature.

The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half — though at different rates in different countries — that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.

1.What is the passage mainly about?2.It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of( ).3.According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EX-CEPT( ).4.The word “disseminated” in line 16 is closest in meaning to( ) 5.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renais-sance musical style?

A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renais-sance. B.The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance. C.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style. D.The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance.问题2： A.communication among artists across Europe B.spirituality in everyday life C.a cultural emphasis on human values D.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题3： A.using religious themes B.portraying only the pleasant parts of human experience C.producing art that people would find attractive D.creating works that were easily understood问题4： A.played B.documented C.spread D.analyzed问题5： A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style. B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style. C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians. D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.