共用题干
How Human's Personalities and Behaviors Are Formed
1 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
2 Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other.The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature vs.nurture".
3 Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.That our environment has littie,if anything ,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviors is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
4 Those who support the"nurture"theory,that is,they advocate education,are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining howwe will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shapedby their surroundings.The behaviorists maintain that,like machines ,humans respond to environmental stimulias the basis of their behavior.
5 Let us examine the different expianations about one human chiaracteristic，intelligence ,offered by the tow theories.Supporters of the"nature"theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.Needless to say ,they don’t believe that factors in the enviroment have much inluence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic.On the other hand,behaviorists argue that ourinelligence levels are the product of our experiences.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an invironment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses willexperience greater intellectual development.
Social scientists want to clear out______.
A:human is i)Orfl with a certain personality
B:how the personality and behavior are formed
C:will experience intellectual development
D:tWo differenlt schools on the matter have developed
E:will influ ence on characters
F:human is horn with no personality